|
|
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。
學說論點及實務見解對於現行民法第五百十三條承攬人之法定抵押權究係採登記生效主義或採登記對抗主義有所爭議，通說則傾向於採用登記生效主義。「登記對抗要件」之主張有「易致與定作人有授信往來之債權人，因不明該不動產有法定抵押權之存在而受不測之損害」之缺點；「登記生效要件」之看法則有「對於當事人之權益及程序之安定，造成很大的負面影響」之遺憾。為了解決其間之爭議，本文對於「登記生效要件」及「登記對抗要件」提出了一些見解及建議。
有抵押權擔保之債權，於實行抵押權拍賣抵押物時，始有優先受償之權利，於此，意定抵押權及法定抵押權之效能均屬相同。是以，承攬人為使其因承攬關係所生之債權獲得優先受償的權利，必須聲請法院為准許拍賣抵押物之裁定，實行其法定抵押權，再持法院所核發之裁定，向法院聲請強制執行拍賣承攬工作所附之定作人之不動產。
除法律有特別規定之外，承攬人對於私部門法定抵押權之實施，於公部門法定抵押權之運作時仍有適用。惟承攬人所承攬之工作為橋樑、道路、公共運輸系統等土木工程及學校、國家機關等建築工程時，是否能藉由法定抵押權聲請許可強制執行之裁定，而得對於承攬人工作所附之定作人之不動產施以強制執行，則尚須依據法律之相關規定辦理。
拉丁法諺有云：「執行乃法律之終局及果實。」人民基於執行之果實，得以創造經濟效益，並謀社會及國家之發展。立法者若能創造良善之法律，人民基於信賴法律而能得到保障，方可謂之是生於法治國之幸也！
The theoretic issue and the practical viewpoint dispute over if the Legal Mortgage of Contractor in the Article 513 of Civil Law adopts Registration Effectiveness or Registration Antagonism. Generally speaking, it tends to adopt Registration Effectiveness. The opinion of “Registration Antagonism Element” includes a pity that “It causes seriously negative effect for the rights and interests of the parties concerned as well as the stability of the procedure.” In order to solve such disputes, this study provides some opinions and suggestions for “Registration Effectiveness Element” and “Registration Antagonism Element”.
The debt with mortgage guarantee has repayment priority only in enforcing the mortgage to auction the collateral. As to that, the efficiency of agreement mortgage is same as that of legal mortgage. Therefore, in order to make the debt resulted from contracting relationship obtain the repayment priority, the contraxtou’s must apply to the court for judgment on permission to auction the collateral and for enforcement of his/her legal mortgage. And then, with the adjudication issued by the court, the contractor shall apply to the court for compulsorily enforcing the auction of the real estate of the proprietor attached in the contracting.
Except for special regulations by law, the undertaker’s enforcement of legal mortgage in the private sector is still applicable for the operation of legal mortgage in the public sector. However, for such contracted projects as civil engineering (including bridges, roads and public transportation system) and architectural engineering (including schools or government institutions), it shall be based on the relevant law and regulation if the contractor could apply for the adjudication to permit compulsory enforcement of the legal mortgage in order to make such compulsory enforcement upon the attached real estate of the proprietor.
A Latin law adage says: “Enforcement is an outcome and fruit of law.” Based on the fruit of enforcement, people can create economic benefits and strive for social and national developments. If the legislator could initiate good law, the people can obtain protection on the basis of belief in law. And then it may be called it is lucky to born in a country under rule of law.