ࡱ> pro` R6*bjbjss2: %&&&&&&&:84<:kJ66"XXXXXXjjjjjjj$mh6pHk9&XXXXXk&&XX>kX2&X&XjXjf'bp&&{iX* нdDjTTk0kd~pH~p{i{i~p&iXXXXXXXkkBXXXXkXXXX:::$ ^$:::^:::&&&&&&  [l s#k njeƖv_ SYnjeprimary data 2.!k}nje(secondary data) SYnjevƖ [0Wxvzfield research 7_[0W [(observation)7_[ WgQ_tx[[Ji Wj1988 pN Pyx[v[awQPN Nyr'`HQwQ gNxvzvvvbGP- 6q_(WNvj NS[0 g|q}v-S0MQ;NTOP0SN͑gI0 *NJ OUwSg N0!k}njeƖ 1. ?e^eN 2. egxvz 3. PN} 4. 'Y>wZԚ [0Wxvzfield research [ \6q|vuvsabNNvc[OƖnje+TOl CN/f1YxvzelvW,ghN0 [BfvgQm4XT0[;NL0BfV }vϑ0[KNN N҉,n[ltriangulation ek_xd@SW0xdO(uvel0[v҉r0b[vNRaS0m[)RaSR k Pek_-NwQPvyruRa݅S'`0wQm[R0OevaSR0bw㉄vR0['` [0WxvzvS }tXV }0;NLV }0@SWV }0`UMOV }0BfV }0[vޞV }Lp[0`X[0UnHeg[ [gQmNtX0NܕO0[vLp0LR;mR0[KNLp0_rl0vu0WtXeSwkS0irRtXrl NBf҉^KN[}c#je_1.[Bfvb#j#~Bfb#jcontinuous sampling0[ޞBfb#jtime-point sampling0@SkBfb#jtime-interval sampling0NNb#jevent sampling NNNnjehy@Sbe  6.2kxvzvOULS1uSvc[ bvQNie0uΑtXKNxvzelvl\'`nje rs_f0 &^P}i'`non-structured [xvzl\e'`v N[H_'` @bNdkl;Na(uec"}'`vxvz P}i'`structured [xvzOgq@bxvzvOULcQGP- &Ns0}R[vek_]wQ0Owc0[Tfek l\eϑSv'` [lyr_SbN vc'`N Bf'` N 6q'`V vP6q'` QhHeaHawthorne effect O[KNOP [KNnˑ e_KN N TKN N[te֖S)R(uq_ FO/f_N"uuNNR [KN`X6qv VS c6Rv 6q[lv*Qޞ:ޞ [[KNܕO[hQv[0S'`v[0['`vS0[hQvS 04:<, . V   , 0 > B P V f h    $ & N P wmmmmmmh@h@qmPJo(hw4h7Z5CJPJaJo(hw4hlE5CJPJaJo(h@hlEPJo($h@hB*OJPJQJo(phh@h7ZPJo( h@PJo(h@hJ5CJPJaJo(hw4hlE5CJ PJaJ o(hw4hJ5CJ PJaJ o(h@hJPJo(*<.   f h & P v  & FgdJ & Fgd@qm & FgdlE^gdJ & FgdJ & FgdlE & Fgd & Fgd7Z & FgdJ & Fgd7ZgdJ)4*P ^ ` n p | ~ R r t v z ~    ,.<>BJbdln0Xf Ƿ둭h@h@qmPJ$h@hB*OJPJQJo(phh@hPJo(hw4hJ5CJPJaJo(hw4hlE5CJPJaJo(h@hJ-PJo(h@hKPJo(h@h@qmPJo(h@hJPJo(9v .>dn0X >tDVDWD^`gd WD`gdgd@qmgdlE^gdJ & Fgd@qm & FgdJ 02 (*hj""""D"F""""""0#2#6#B#j##ǽǽǽǽг㱳| hw4PJo( hJ-PJo(h@hWPJo(h@hkJPJo($h@hJ-B*OJPJQJo(phUh@hJPJo(h@hPJ\h@hPJh@hPJo(h@h@qmPJh@h@qmPJo($h@hB*OJPJQJo(ph/ *j"""#0#2### $ WD`gdW 8WD`8gdW WD`gdJ- WD`gdkJ WDX`gdkJ & Fgdw4 & FgdN & FgdJ & Fgd hWD`hgd[v[ I{ݍlinterval recording \Nyr[Bfk@SRb1Y\Bfk (Wr\BfkS w/f&T ggLpQs Sna/f&T NnaQsv!kxe v Txe ---------------------------------------X100%=v T z^ =~xev Txe vpuxe 2.;slfrequency recording (Wyr[BfgQ gLpQsv!kxe 2u[@b_KN!kxe ---------------------------------------X100%=v TOxe YN[@b_KN!kxe c~l(duration recording)(WgNkyr[BfgQ vc[0RvvjLpKNc~Bfw^ 7_^l(magnitude recording) [ޞgWl(spot-check recording)(Wyr[ޞjg/f&T gvjLp|vu NvjLp|vu!kxe/[Lp!kxe0 cEN'`njel(permanent product recording) [e[lKNN zek_ 1.[v} 2.[LpvLu[ 3.LpS#jvR 4. []wQv- 5. [njevc֊$Re 6.[[Wv- [[Wv-SbN [lvzlV{_U|v_[0|q}'`[systematic observation N [gQ[v[0 N zl[[lvW_6q[lnatural observation 00uΑ[field observation bc6R[lcontrived observation  V xd[0 ASN0[lv*Qޞ [lv*Qޞ [lv:ޞ1.NKbnje 2. NSbdSf 3.z4xPq}xvzvP6RBf0zz 4.(Wё"-P Nv}o 5.(W6qvrKa N2L Vdk @b_0Rvnje SkvQ[elfwQ gHe^ 6.Sd[0meQt0w㉌[tea} 7._[vhs_0RYCQv o` 1.Bf/eP6R 2.tXv Niaq_ 3.S_XR 4.`ameQ U1Y['`Y1_RWԚ 5.^|q}'`][v 0c6RHeg 0gO,nϑ,gbpq_v |q}'`]xvz,gvz4X0P\ 9r G$CJaJ)@ InxR^@"R NgQe (Web)dd1$[$\$KHOJPJQJ^JFU@1F N#P}(7>*B*CJOJQJS*Y(aJo(phNJOAJ Ntopic51#d@CJOJPJQJaJo(ph<OQ< Ntxt11dCJOJQJaJo( :AIu}34Iv;y27Kiz:TcMnQUD`  B V g h p }       00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0  0  0 0000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  04 0 0 0 0 0 00000 0 0 00000000 00000000 0 @0h00@0h00@0h00@0h00@0@0@0@0@0@0h00  $$$'P #H&**6* v  $')*6* 4*  '!!u|}.248!8<RVbe^_`g [\]ghw   ! A D U X f j o r |      26lrKL     ss333ss=A4I27nQUD`      2!bq&8䜘I7`̞=T T*80 zpzv@t>{6f"$BpX$ $p>F0:0,^>tV K:6eLX}_g_P>P:Y]U UzN#`7XTfzݴ}8g$x;Tkx ]kpyn.l̦4ln=rn\N|Jhz|>i4~n^t~`# ^` o(0  ^` hH0  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH. @  @ ^@ ` hH0    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH.# ^` o(0  ^` hH0  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH. @  @ ^@ ` hH0    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH.XX^X`o(. ^` 0 ^` .p p^p` .P  P ^P ` 00  0 ^0 ` . ^` . ^` 0 ^` .# ^` o(0  ^` hH0  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH. @  @ ^@ ` hH0    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH. \ ^ `\o(.( (^(` 0 ^` . ^` .   ^ ` 0   ^ ` . ^` .h h^h` 0H H^H` ." ^` o(0  ^` hH0  ^` hH.  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH0 @  @ ^@ ` hH.    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH.# ^` o(0HH^H`o(. ^` . ^` .`  ` ^` ` 0@  @ ^@ ` .   ^ ` . ^` 0 ^` .HH^H`o(  ^` hH0  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH. @  @ ^@ ` hH0    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH." ^` o(0  ^` hH0  ^` hH.  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH0 @  @ ^@ ` hH.    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH.# ^` o(0  ^` hH0  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH. @  @ ^@ ` hH0    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH." ^` o(0  ^` hH0  ^` hH.  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH0 @  @ ^@ ` hH.    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH."0^`0o(0  ^` hH0  ^` hH.  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH0 @  @ ^@ ` hH.    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH." ^` OJPJQJ^J0HH^H`o(.88^8`OJPJQJ^Jo(& ^` .`  ` ^` ` 0@  @ ^@ ` .   ^ ` . ^` 0 ^` .# ^` >*o(0  ^` hH0  ^` hH.  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH0 @  @ ^@ ` hH.    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH.\^`\o(.#0^`0o(  ^` . ^` .}  } ^} ` 0]  ] ^] ` .= =^=` . ^` 0 ^` .HH^H`o(.  ^` hH0  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH. @  @ ^@ ` hH0    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH.((^(`PJo(  ^` hH0 `  ` ^` ` hH. @  @ ^@ ` hH.    ^ ` hH0  ^` hH.  ^` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH.# ^` o(0  ^` hH0  ^` hH.  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH0 @  @ ^@ ` hH.    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH.((^(`o(.^`OJPJQJ^Jo(P 0P ^P `0OJPJQJ^Jo(& @  @ ^@ ` hH.    ^ ` hH0  ^` hH.  ^` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH." ^` o(0# ^` o(0  ^` hH.  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH0 @  @ ^@ ` hH.    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH.((^(`PJo(  ^` hH0 `  ` ^` ` hH. @  @ ^@ ` hH.    ^ ` hH0  ^` hH.  ^` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH. ^` 5\tHhH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH.  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH0 @  @ ^@ ` hH.    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH.((^(`PJo(  ^` hH0 `  ` ^` ` hH. @  @ ^@ ` hH.    ^ ` hH0  ^` hH.  ^` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH.((^(`o(.  ^` hH0 `  ` ^` ` hH. @  @ ^@ ` hH.    ^ ` hH0  ^` hH.  ^` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH.^`o(.^`.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.# ^` OJPJQJ^J0  ^` hH0  ^` hH.  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH0 @  @ ^@ ` hH.    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH.# ^` o(0  ^` hH0  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH. @  @ ^@ ` hH0    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH.# ^` o(0  ^` hH0" ^` OJPJQJ^J0  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH0 @  @ ^@ ` hH.    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH.# ^` o(0  ^` hH0  ^` hH. `  ` ^` ` hH. @  @ ^@ ` hH0    ^ ` hH.  ^` hH.  ^` hH0  ^` hH.^`.^`o(.pp^p`.@ @ ^@ `.^`.^`.^`.^`.PP^P`.   ^ `B*o(ph.0  0 ^0 ` 0 ^` . ^` . ^` 0 ^` . ^` .p p^p` 0P P^P` .z}8gF0f"$7`]U Ubqg_P=rz|XTf;Tk#` ]k0 2X$ $>P>t~i4~T 8V Kn.l06eL\N|t>{ln        `f        Ā        R        (                 .K9*F                        /                 H        ޖħD               :BCt       r撀        tN8                 _ꢬ2J       V       @F        k i        VQ        o '        ^        X        raT          N>B               Z.T4fȐR=xe        y[~ 98KZD Wcz*J-]r. 2a3mn3w415957U$8j:;@qmqXtaxkJ=q 9Ylo@A:|JlEjz H#In| N T9apNCq3:#W7Z%o&h  .@HU4 @@ @@"Unknown Gz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial/E .jwiԚ?5 .0}fԚMingLiUC.e0}fԚPMingLiUI& ??Arial Unicode MSMTimes New RomanG5  hMS Mincho-3 fg 1h@F@FX5F|v|v?!),.:;?]}    " % & ' 2 t%00 0 0 00000013468:<>@BDOPQRTUVWZ\^ \]d([{  5 0 0 00000579;=?ACY[][d 2qHP?Z2X0 MR**********                          Oh+'0p   , 8 DPX`h B e*****Normal*****2Microsoft Office Word@@q|@@|v՜.+,0 X`lt| CMT    !"#$%'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^`abcdefhijklmnqRoot Entry FsData 1Table&qWordDocument2:SummaryInformation(_DocumentSummaryInformation8gCompObjm  FMicrosoft Office Word MSWordDocWord.Document.89q