| 姓名 | 羅瑞榮(Jui-Jung Lo) | 電子郵件信箱 | 10301m@chsmr.chc.edu.tw | |
| 畢業系所 | 營建工程系碩士班(Department and Graduate Institute of Constrction Engineering) | |||
| 畢業學位 | 碩士(Master) | 畢業時期 | 91學年第2學期 | |
| 論文名稱(中) | 學校工程以統包與專業營建管理（ＰＣＭ）發包策略之研究 | |||
| 論文名稱(英) | A study of Turnkey and PCM based procurement strategy management in school construction | |||
| 檔案 |
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。 |
論文使用權限 | 校內外完全公開 | |
| 論文語文/頁數 | 中文/107 | |||
| 摘要(中) | 摘
要 關鍵字：統包工程、專案管理、學校工程 公共工程係以人為本，旨在創造、改善與維護人類生活的空間，為政府預算支出之大宗，因此，如何以公開、公正、公平的採購程序，選擇合適的廠商來辦理公共工程，使資源之效能極大化是政府採購之重要任務，為因應此情勢，乃將設計與施工結合衍生統包（D/B）制度咸認為達成此目標之採購方式之一；其在國外已穩定成長並成為公共工程建設採購的另一項選擇，政府亦體察到此一趨勢，於88年5月27日頒佈政府採購法正式實施後，政府機關的採購方式面臨重大的變革，預期各政府機關採行統包採購策略將日漸增多。 近年來，由於工程環境日趨複雜，傳統的工程執行方式已不敷需求，面對公共工程績效不佳之窘境，工程業主需採行較新的管理方式來改善；除此之外，政府部門近年來為精減人事，積極鼓勵民間參與公共事務，對公共工程而言，委託專業營建管理(Professional Construction-Management)（P.C.M）服務便是一項善用民間人力資源之工程管理方式。 一般學校（以高中職、國中小為例）的編制人員很少，負責採購之人員通常只有一至二人，他門需辦理工程、勞務、財務等各項採購以及其他各項庶務性的工作，況且大部份的庶務人員又都沒有工程背景，所以統包（D/B）制度及委託ＰＣＭ，對於學校營繕工程（以高中職、國中小為例）更形重要；因統包（D/B）制度確實可縮短工期、減少工程介面之整合、提升工程品質、激勵新工法、新材料之引進；而ＰＣＭ之導入，又可使採購訂約過程較順暢，減低公部門建管人力，管控良好工程品質提昇，工期縮短，替代方案的提出。 雖然在統包工程方面、ＰＣＭ方面及學校工程方面之相關論文研究很多，但大都是針對專業工程主辦機關為基礎所做之研究，對於工程主辦機關沒有工程背景或沒有該項工程經驗：如銀行、學校機構（以高中職、國中小為例）、保險公司、土地開發公司、海運公司等為基礎所做之研究，較少琢磨；然而這些工程主辦機關也不在少數，況且他們更是需要在辦理工程採購時，有更多的方式可供選擇。 本研究係就業主之經驗、需求；並兼顧承包商（統包商團隊、專案營建管理團隊）之經驗、需求之觀點，來探討統包工程與ＰＣＭ運用於學校營繕工程發包策略之可行性，研究結果主要有下列六點： 一、學校（高中、職及國中小）目前現有編制人力不足狀況來看，解決之道可多種方式配合，如採統包方式或統包加PCM，或委託設計監造加PCM等方式來謀求解決之道；以學校目前人力編制狀況，極需要借重統包及PCM機制之優點，使學校工程得以進行順利，提高工程品質，改善學校營繕工程遭人垢病之現狀。 二、承包商承攬學校工程考量的因素工程規模雖是第一順位，但以百分比來看並非很高，且由決標資料或問卷調查結果數據分析可以了解學校營繕工程採統包方式發包是無需考量規模，而應尊重市場供需原則。 三、PCM對業主幫助最大的是審核及簽訂契約的工作，在各方面均有相當程度的幫助；而其對統包商的協助，有工程介面的整合、符合業主需求、節省成本、提高施工效率、與業主溝通的橋樑、降低工程失敗的風險、協助處理工程突發的狀況，由此可見PCM制度對業主或承包商均有相當程度的幫助，因此PCM制度在學校營繕工程佔有相當程度的需要性。 四、對於學校營繕工程發包方式，有相當程度的認同統包方式（含最有利標），但是早期的合理標制度亦有相當程度的認同，但是目前政府採購法並未有此一制度，值得有關單位檢討三思。 五、ＰＣＭ服務費計費方式承包商傾向於建造費用百分比法，依行政院公共工程委員會所頒布之機關委託專業服務廠商評選及計費辦法執行。 六、學校辦理營繕工程共通性缺失之認同點，因業主與承包商立場不同，則結果出入甚大，業主認為較嚴重的有設計圖無人能審、監造不實、品質管制不實等三項，而承包商則認為預算不足、綁標、圍標、工期緊迫等才是共通性的問題。 | |||
| 摘要(英) | Abstract Public construction works shall be conducted on the basis of humanity﹐and aimed at creating﹐impoving﹐maintaining the living space of human﹒As the expenditure of public construcion works shares a significant portion of annual government budget﹐it is therefore important for the government to conduct the construction works through open and fair procurement procedures﹐to select qualified contractors to perform﹐and to magnify the contribution of resources. Design –and- build is one of the procurement procedures in meeting such goals;According to previous studies﹐in many developed countries﹐the number of projects using this method has been constantly incressing and it has become a trend﹒In Taiwan the increasing use of the design-build delivery method can also be observed﹐especially﹐after the Governmment Procurement Law was promulgated on May 27﹐1999﹒The project delivery system of the State-Owned Enterprise is facing hefty re-engineering. Many studies have been made on the design-build delivery method﹒ Since the engineering environment becomes more and more complex﹐it is getting more difficult to perform the engineering by using the conventional methods recently. In order to promote the efficiency of the projects﹐project owners have to adopt new management manners. Moreover﹐the government agency encourages the private sector to engage in public affair to decrease the number of employee of the government﹒Therefore﹐the adoption of the P.C.M service is a way in utilizing the work force of the private sector for public work﹒ Generally speaking. most schools don’t hove enough personnel to handle the procurement. They need to deal with things like engineering﹐general affairs﹐and financial problems. It is because those personnel are lack of engineering knowledge﹐Hepce ﹐the system of Design-Build and P.C.M service become more important for schools construction﹒ The system of Design-Build can reduce work days﹐save effort of joint connection﹐advance construction quality﹐help apply new methods and new materials﹐The utilization of P.C.M makes procurement procedure smoother﹐ It also makes good use of work force and well controls construction quality﹐work clays and provides substitute methods﹒ There are many essays on Package Contract, PCM and school construction projects, but most of them are aimed at the professional project organizers as a research basis. There are few essays on the project organizers who have no project background or no experiences on the certain projects as a research basis. These organizers are banks, schools (senior/junior middle high schools, vocational high schools and elementary schools as examples), insurance companies, land development companies and marine companies. However, there are many such kinds of project organizers. They need more options to handle the project purchase. This research is based on the view points of both proprietor’s and the contractor’s experiences and demands. The contractors mentioned in this paragraph include Package Contractor Team and Professional Construction Management Team. It is to probe the possibility of applying Package Contract Project and PCM on the farming-out-strategy for school construction projects. Following 6 points are the research results: 1.For senior/junior middle high schools, vocational high schools and elementary schools, their manpower under current organizations is insufficient, but they have many options to solve this problem, such as selecting Package Contract, Package Contract + PCM, or Entrusted design/supervision + PCM. For the time being schools need to seek the assistance of Package Contract and PCM because their advantages can smooth away the problems on school constructions, upgrade building quality, and reduce the complaint on school constructions. 2.When a contractor signs a contract to carry out a school construction, the scale of the project is the 1st priority that he would consider, but actually the percentage on this consideration is not very high. From the analysis on tender decision or on the feedback data, we understand it is unnecessary to consider the scale of school constructions under the method of Package Contract. We must value the principle of market supply and demand. 3.PCM’s biggest assistances to the proprietor are on reviewing and signing the contracts. PCM offers a certain degree of assistance on every respects. PCM’s assistances to Package Contractor include the integration of project interfaces, the conformity to proprietor’s needs, cost saving, an increment on working efficiency, a communication bridge with the proprietor, a reduction on failure risk of the project and aid on construction accidents. Thus, it can be seen that PCM system offers a certain degree of assistance to both the proprietor and the contractor. PCM system has a certain degree of importance on school construction projects. 4.The Package Contract (including the most advantageous priced tender) has a certain degree of identification on farming out school construction projects. The system of the reasonable priced tender in early stage has a certain degree of identification, too. However, there is no such system (Package Contract) in the purchase law of our government. It is worthwhile for the relevant authorities to review and consider. 5.The constructor prefers Percentage Rate based on the construction expenses for paying PCM services. This Package Contract System is carried out according to the regulations of “ Rate and Selection on Entrusted Professional Service Companies” issued by Public Works Committee of Executive Yuan. 6.The proprietor and the contractor have a big difference on the identification of common defects of school constructions due to different standpoints. What the proprietor regards as common defects are no one responsible for reviewing the design drawings, dishonest supervision and dishonest quality control, total 3 items. What the contractor regards as common defects are a short budget, a tender binding, a false attending on the tender and a rush schedule for the construction project. | |||
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