| 姓名 | 黃至銓(Tz-Chiuan Huang) | 電子郵件信箱 | avery0608@yahoo.com.tw | |
| 畢業系所 | 營建工程系碩士班(Department and Graduate Institute of Constrction Engineering) | |||
| 畢業學位 | 碩士(Master) | 畢業時期 | 92學年第2學期 | |
| 論文名稱(中) | 由營建工程觀點探討法律上之「監工」與「監造」 | |||
| 論文名稱(英) | To Probe into the Meaning Lawfully of “Oversee” and “Supervise” in the Point of View of Construction Engineering | |||
| 檔案 |
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。 |
論文使用權限 | 校內外完全公開 | |
| 論文語文/頁數 | 中文/228 | |||
| 摘要(中) | 建築物損害所致生之公共危險，往往造成人民受憲法所保障之生命、財產安全遭受重大損失。由於參與建築個案之直、間接相關專業者眾，所牽涉之主要利害關係人有起造人(建設公司負責人、政府機關)、設計監造人(建築師、專業技師)與承造人(含專任工程人員、工地主任、技術士等)，上述人等對建築工程之關係強度及影響力有強有弱，追究相關責任歸屬時，何者應負其責，顯有爭議。 肇致公共危險之主因在排除不可抗力之自然因素下，即設計不良或施工不當等人為因素所致，若單純僅係設計不良，設計者應負其責任，要屬無疑；若為施工單位施工行為不當，則亦涉及監造人監督行為確實與否，因「監造人」設置之目的即為代表起造人監督承造人按承攬契約確實執行，首要義務乃監督施工單位按圖施工。準此以觀，「監造人」於工程施作過程中有權且有注意之義務對於施工者可能有違設計理念，或足以影響工程品質之情事加以預防或糾正禁止。因此，施工管理不當致生危險者，除承造人方面須擔負責任外，監造者亦須負連帶責任。然，刑法第一百九十三條違背建築術成規罪之犯罪行為主體所採立法文字為「監工人」，亦即須符「監工人」之要件，方能成立該罪。但縱觀我國法律，惟刑法列有「監工」二字，卻未對其定義、資格及權責有所規範；反觀建築法系上之法律如建築法、建築師法等皆採「監造」二字立法。為此，刑法違背建築術成規罪上之客觀要件欲以「監工人」規範架構龐大之直、間接相關專業人員，實是力有未逮；尤在「監工」與「監造」因文字上之不同而常有爭執之處。刑法「監工人」究竟是否等同建築法規上之「監造人」爭議往往造成檢察官處分及法院裁判之矛盾，致公評困難。 本研究之主要目的即在現行及歷史法規基礎上與行政解釋令函及法院裁判之實務運作下，有別於過去多基於建築師之立場，由營建工程之觀點探討「監工」與「監造」之真實涵義，釐清「監工」與「監造」之權責，得出一解決目前實務上因法規不明不備而存在爭議與矛盾之建議途徑；試圖研擬合理且完善之條文修正建議，期能影響立法而獲致實用，方才符合建築法第一條維護公共安全，保障人民法益之精神。 | |||
| 摘要(英) | The public danger
caused by the damage of building usually inflicts the great losses on
people’s life and fortune. Because relevant professional who
participates directly or indirectly the constructions of the buildings
are numerous, including the construction company, the government
organization, the supervisor (the architect, the engineer), and the
constructor (the worker, and the technical stuff) .Each role stated
above has different effect or responsibility during the construction
time. This makes a big argument when tracing who should be responsible
for the damage except the irresistible natural harming. It is no doubt that the designer takes his responsibility if the damages are simply resulted from his incomplete or bad design work. However, if the construction is not done properly due to bad supersion, then the supervisor is responsible. The supervisor‘s duty is set to represent the construction company to supervise all the construction process exactly as the contract. The primary duty for supervisor is to make sure that the construction comply the rule of the original design. Following this rule, the supervisor has the right and the obligation to prevent the obay constructors. Therefore, besides the constructor should take the responsibility for his improper operation caused the damage, but also the supervisor has the joint liability. The criminal law No.193 uses the word ” Oversee” in the regulation.An Overseer is charged for against the law of architectonic if what he did is correspondence to the condition of the regulation. There is only a word “Oversee” printed on the criminal law without any definition, capacity, and the regulation of its right. However, when reading the law about the architecture such as architectonic law or law of architect, there is only the other word “Supervise” is seen. This will be useless to restrict whole framework for all the relative professionals and experts direct and indirect by the word “Overseer”. Particularly, the difference between the “Oversee” and”Supervise” makes people not suitable. Argument of whether the word “Overseer” in the criminal law in the same as the word “Supervise” in the architectonic law often confuse the prosecutor’s disciplines and the court’s judgment.It also causes the judge difficult and contradictory. The purpose of this study are to probe into the real implication between “Oversee” and “Supervise”, and to discuss the each right and the individual responsibility between them by compare with the regulations, the administrative explaining orders, and the practical judgments. | |||
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