| 姓名 | 楊子阜(Tzu-Fu Yang) | 電子郵件信箱 | u_8612019free@yahoo.com.tw | |
| 畢業系所 | 營建工程系碩士班(Department and Graduate Institute of Constrction Engineering) | |||
| 畢業學位 | 碩士(Master) | 畢業時期 | 93學年第2學期 | |
| 論文名稱(中) | 壩體型式對土石流攔阻堆積特性之研究 | |||
| 論文名稱(英) | Study on
Characteristics of Debris-Flow Retaining and Deposition for Various Dam Types | |||
| 檔案 |
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。 |
論文使用權限 | 校內外完全公開 | |
| 論文語文/頁數 | 中文/162 | |||
| 摘要(中) | 土石流係指堆積於山坡或河道中未固結之沈積物或風化的礫石、岩屑等，受豪雨或集中逕流之影響而失去穩定狀態，並在洪流的重力作用下沿著自然坡面而形成之ㄧ種高濃度流動現象。土石流前端部通常為岩塊、大礫石及流木集中，迴轉、滑動、滾動而下具有直進性、衝擊力大、侵蝕力強等特性，因此土石流災害對當地居民、建設及生態等影響甚鉅。在本試驗研究中主要探討混凝土梳子壩、格柵壩、重力壩在特定坡度、砂礫體積濃度、土砂重量下對土石流堆積型態之影響，利用室內水槽來模擬壩前有堆積及無堆積情況下土石流發生時不同的壩體所產生的堆積特性、貯砂率、粗顆粒分離效率，藉由試驗所獲得的結果可供作為防範土石流災害的參考。 由室內水槽試驗結果顯示：在模擬土石流流況方面，水槽坡度越大，土石流前端粗顆粒越集中且砂礫體積濃度較中、後段高，坡度22度時前堆粗顆粒可高達86.5%。在攔阻土石流方面，貯砂率會隨著水槽坡度增加與砂礫體積濃度降低而減少，格柵壩之貯砂率可達70%以上，重力壩之貯砂率可達60%以上，但梳子壩受到砂礫體積濃度之影響最為顯著，當水槽坡度22度砂礫體積濃度為0.5時僅有36%。在顆粒分離效果與粗顆粒分離效率方面梳子壩與格柵壩皆可達到分離功效，而重力壩因其無選擇性攔阻流經之土石流，造成壩前迅速淤滿而失去減少土石流出量之功能。 | |||
| 摘要(英) | Debris flow
originate when poorly sorted debris (rock, soil, woody debris, etc.) is
mobilized from hill slope and channels by adding sufficient moisture.
During heavy rainfalls, particular those brought by typhoons, the
colluvium is easily weakened, which often leads to a debris flow. The
debris flows presents a great threat to the down stream villages. In
this experimental study, it focus on characteristics of debris-flow
depositions using various block structures, the concrete slit dams,
steel grid dams, and gravity dams under a specified gradient, gravel
volume consistency and debris unit weight. It can be simulated in the
Lab to analyze the deposition characteristics of debris flow including
detention rate , grain separation effect and coarse grain separation
efficiency in various conditions. The test results can be considered for
the debris-flow hazards mitigation. The water flume experiments in laboratory shows that: In debris flow simulation, when water flume gradient is larger, there are more coarse grain concentration and higher gravel volume consistency in the front part of debris flow. The coarse grain concentration of the front debris flow could reach to 86.5% in 22 degrees. In debris flow retaining, the detention rate will be less by increasing the water flume gradient and reducing the gravel volume consistency. The detention rate of steel grid dams can reach 70%, and the detention rate of gravity dams can reach 60%. But the most influences of the concrete slit dams was gravel volume consistency, when water flume gradient is 22 degrees and gravel volume consistency is 0.5, the detention rate is only 36%. The concrete slit dams and steel grid dams both can reach separation effect, but the gravity dams will silt and lose the function of reducing debris volume. | |||
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