| 姓名 | 陳冠宏(Guan-Hung Chen) | 電子郵件信箱 | a555chan@yahoo.com.tw | |
| 畢業系所 | 營建工程系碩士班(Department and Graduate Institute of Constrction Engineering) | |||
| 畢業學位 | 碩士(Master) | 畢業時期 | 94學年第2學期 | |
| 論文名稱(中) | 土石流濃度及細料對壩體攔阻特性影響之研究 | |||
| 論文名稱(英) | Characteristics of Debris-Flow Retaing and Depostion with Various Percentage of Consistency and Fine-Textured Soil | |||
| 檔案 |
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。 |
論文使用權限 | 校內外完全公開 | |
| 論文語文/頁數 | 中文/183 | |||
| 摘要(中) | 台灣位處亞熱帶地區，每當颱風來襲，暴雨劇烈，加上河川源短流急，地質脆弱，尤其921集集大地震後，中部山區地質狀況更加破碎，使得土砂災害屢見不鮮，其中以民國90年桃芝颱風造成花蓮縣光復鄉大漢新村與南投縣信義鄉之土石流災害最為嚴重。土石流流動狀態特殊、破壞力強，嚴重影響下游地區人民生命財產與安全，是故對土石流特性瞭解及災害防治實為刻不容緩，而目前針對土石流濃度及細料對壩體攔阻關係之研究，此方面仍十分有限。 本研究特別針對土石流濃度及細料對壩體攔阻關係進行試驗研究，試驗室中以等重量替代法模擬神木村現地級配曲線，並改變細料含量，以三種不同細料及三種不同土砂濃度進行土石流防治工法之水槽模型試驗，採用梳子壩、格柵欄及重力式防砂壩三種土石流攔砂壩體，觀測各種不同土石量之流動狀況、堆積情形與對壩體產生之衝擊力，並將三種不同壩體之量測結果進行分析比較，以探討土砂濃度及細粒料比例對不同壩體堆積與攔阻的效果。 由室內試驗結果顯示：顯示當濃度提高時對攔阻與堆積有很大之影響，尤其對透過性壩體影響更是明顯，貯砂率會隨著砂礫體積濃度與細料含量增加時明顯下降，格柵壩貯砂率可達65%以上，重力壩之貯砂率可達70%以上，而梳子壩隨著細料含量增加貯砂率明顯下降，當細料含量15%與砂礫體積濃度0.75時貯砂率從75%下降至45%差異甚大。在顆粒分離效果與粗顆粒分離效率方面格柵壩都有一定之分離效果，梳子壩方面在顆粒分離效果有很好之效果，但是在粗顆粒分離效率上效果不佳，甚至還出現負值，而重力壩為無選擇性攔阻土石所以沒有分離之效果。 本試驗還利用不同材質之球體作物理性質之研究，探討土石流及單一球體之衝擊力並做回歸分析，單一球體考慮流速及最大粒徑之參數進行分析，由分析結果得知當E值越高與粒徑越大則衝擊力隨之增加。 | |||
| 摘要(英) | Taiwan is located in
the subtropical area. When the typhoon strikes, the heavily rain fall
and rushing rivers make the geology more fragile, especially after the
powerful earthquake on the 21st of September. Nevertheless, the Tao-Zhi
Typhoon, the most serious damage in 2001, caused destructive debris flow
in Hualian and Natou Counties. Due to the uniqueness of debris flows and
strong destruction, the deadly strikes seriously threaten people’s
safety and properties in the downstream area. Therefore, it is urgent to
capture a deeper understanding of the characteristics of debris flow and
calamity prevention. However, there is very limited research on the
consistency of debris flow and landslides in connection with blocking
ability by dam entities. This study is to experiment the relationship between the consistency of debris flow and fine-textured soil to the blocking ability by dam entities. In this experiment, simulating the Shen-Mu Village in situ grading curve by equal weight composing modification and changing the content of fine-textured, using three kinds of fine-textured soil and debris consistency to test the basin model experiment of debris flow by taking the concrete slit dams, steel grid dams and gravity dams of blocking debris flow. To observe the condition of different soils flowing, pile up, and the impulse to the dams; further, to analyze the result of three kinds of dams and discuss the effects of blocking and pile-up of different dams for debris consistency and ratio of fine-textured soil. The result shows when the consistency increased, there is strongly influence on the blocking and piling up, especially on permeability dams. With the increasing of detention rate and fine-textured soil content, it is evidence to see the decreasing of grain separation effect. The percentage of grain separation of the steel grid dams is over 65 percent and the gravity dams is more than 70 percent, but the concrete slit dams is sharply decrease with the increasing of fine-textured soil. When the 15% of fine-textured soil and 0.75 of detention rate, the grain separation effect drops from 75% to 45%. For the coarse grain and separation efficiency, the steel grid dams show the separation significance in some degree, and the concrete slit dams show have a better outcome in the coarse grain, but insignificance in the separation efficiency. However, there is no significant separation effect found in the gravity dams. The study also uses different materials of ball to discuss the debris flow and the impulse of single ball with regression analysis. To analyze the flowing speed of single ball and the parameter of maximum grain size, the result shows the higher E value and the bigger grain size, the more impulse will increase. | |||
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