| 姓名 | 蔡文彬(Wen-Bin Tsai) | 電子郵件信箱 | E-mail 資料不公開 | |
| 畢業系所 | 營建工程系碩士班(Department and Graduate Institute of Constrction Engineering) | |||
| 畢業學位 | 碩士(Master) | 畢業時期 | 92學年第1學期 | |
| 論文名稱(中) | 我國營造業職業災害特質及災害防止之探討 | |||
| 論文名稱(英) | Characteristics and Prevention of Domestic Construction Occupational-Accidents During Construction | |||
| 檔案 |
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。 |
論文使用權限 | 校內外都兩年後公開 | |
| 論文語文/頁數 | 中文/271 | |||
| 摘要(中) |
我國全產業職業災害概略分成營造業及製造業災害，災害類別以墜落、倒塌、感電、飛落為主。由近十年國內全產業職業災害調查資料發覺，營造業每年平均死亡人數約300人，由死亡千人率營造業約為製造業三倍半，職業災害事件為製造業的兩倍左右。另與歐美先進國家比較，我國營造業死亡千人率約為英國約為三倍。我國營造業災害具有何種特質，致使意外災害可達如此高的發生率，應如何降低災害發生率，避免為家庭中經濟主要來源之弱勢勞工罹災，產生更嚴重社會問題，實為一值得深入探討的課題。 本研究針對我國營造業職業災害特質與發生災害間關係進行探討，依據以民國80年至88年間勞委會檢查處之營造業職業災害案例。研究結果顯示，各類營造業職業災害發生時間以每日上午11∼12時最多、下午15∼16時次之；每週四、五最容易發生墜落，每週二、四最容易發生感電，每週五、日最容易發生倒塌，每週二、三最容易發生飛落。各類型災害均以每週二、四、五最容易發生；罹災年齡以41∼45歲與31∼35歲二個年齡層居最多。各類型災害依序以每年六、七、八、九月最容易發生。區域以北部最多。工程類別則以房屋建築最多，墜落災害最容易發生。 在災害防止方面，本研究針對倒塌災害特質，檢討防止方法以高鐵工程C250標為實例，探討場撐工法倒塌防止措施，現階段的防止重點分為設計、施工及材料品質三項。設計方面專任工程人員負責模板支撐結構設計時，應提供支撐結構計算書及結構圖，並親自簽認以示負責；施工方面工地主任按照結構圖確實施工，並應在協議組織會議記錄重點及現場施工照片；材料品質方面則以現場支撐構材抽樣，進行載重試驗為主。所由資料應留存至施工完成，以供日後倒塌時責任釐清。這些具體措施已在C250標施工過程中試作，並以此三要項驗核我國支撐倒塌防止方法，由此試作評估本研究所提方案未來施作可行性，不過經由此一年之試作，迄今C250標倒塌災害之預防皆能有效防止災害發生。 | |||
| 摘要(英) | Domestic
occupation accidents can be divided into two groups in Taiwan，
construction and Manufactor. The accidents are based on falling,
collapse of false work, electrification and falling object. Based
on the study of occupation accidents in lastest 10 years, the
average rate of death of domestic construction in every year is
about 300 persons. It is 3 times and half comparing with Manufacturing.
The casses of occupation-accidents is about twice of Manufacturing. And
comparing with other Euramerican countries, the death rate of
occupation-accidents is 3 times than England. The high rate of accidents
needs to be serously concerned. The issue of lowering the happening of
occupation-accidents and preventing the social problems that might come
with is very important. The research study based on the features of occupation-accidents cases between 1911 to 1999 from Council of Labor Affairs. The result shows that all kinds of occupation-accidents in domestic construcion happen mostly at 11 to 12 am.，; then is 3 to 4. pm Falling usually happens on Thursday and Friday. Electrification often happens on Tuesday and. Thursday Every Friday and Sunday happen collapse easily. And falling-object often happens on Tuesday and Wednesday. Each kind of accidents usually happens on Tuesday Thursday, and Friday. The average ages of workers who suffered from occupation-accidents are 41 to 45. and 31 to 35. All kinds of occupation-accidents in order happen in Aug., July, June and Sep. . The locations of occupation accidents are mostly in the north. In construction work, the building and falling mostly happen easily. The research based on the features of collapsed accident and tried to discuss the prevention. Taking C250 of Taiwan High Speed Rail Project as an example, the prevention is divided into design, execution and the qualities of material. In design, the person who is responsible to the design of formwork bearing structure should provide the account and working drawing and signs for responsibilty. In execution, the executive officer should practice it followed by the design. He also should record the important parts and provide the pictures of working places. The qualities of material should be based on the bearing structure and test the load of material . All the information should be kept until the end of construction work and provide the information in case the happening of any accidents. The preventions are tested in C250 for a year and Could be provided the possibility of practicing in the future. | |||
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